\u3000\u3000\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u7576\u67d0\u4eba\u3001\u67d0\u6559\u6703\u3001\u67d0\u653f\u6b0a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7d55\u5c0d\u5316\uff0c\u60b2\u5287\u5fc5\u7136\u767c\u751f\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b97\u6d3e\u5b8c\u5168\u64c1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8056\u9748\u5149\u7167\u4e0b\u5f7c\u6b64\u53c3\u8a73\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u6c42\u4e09\u4e00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e36\u9818\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d42\u5c40\u662f\u4e3b\u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e3b\u4f86\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u694a\u535a\u58eb\u5f9e\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5f9e\u66f4\u5ee3\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5bdf\u770b\u6b77\u53f2\u70ba\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9818\u609f\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u500b\u4eba\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u53ca\u5fc3\u9748\u900f\u8996\u3002\u6545\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u53f2\u6599\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f9e\u8003\u7a76\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u4e2d\u7406\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8108\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\u8a55\u63a8\u85a6<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u694a\u7267\u5e2b\u4e0d\u55ae\u53ea\u7528\u6211\u5011\u719f\u8b58\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u5beb\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u56eb\u5707\u541e\u68d7\u5730\u5c07\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u642c\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u535a\u89bd\u7fa4\u66f8\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u591a\u534a\u83ef\u4eba\u6559\u6703\u8f03\u70ba\u964c\u751f\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u300d\u2014\u2014\u90ed\u6587\u6c60\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u64ad\u9053\u6703\u4e09\u4e00\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u64ad\u9053\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u694a\u6176\u7403\u7267\u5e2b\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u6703\u300b\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u518a\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5f9e\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6559\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u66f4\u5ee3\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5bdf\u770b\u6b77\u53f2\u70ba\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u767c\u751f\u3002\u300d\u2014\u2014\u674e\u9326\u7db8\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u83ef\u4eba\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u6559\u52d9\u9577\u53ca\u795e\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u548c\u694a\u7267\u5e2b\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u66f8\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5c07\u6559\u6703\u653e\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6b77\u53f2\u8655\u5883\u4e2d\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1b\u9019\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u5730\u6559\u6703\u4e8c\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u83ef\u4eba\u6559\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u8655\u5883\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u6709\u53c3\u8003\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u300d\u2014\u2014\u76e7\u9f8d\u5149\uff08\u524d\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u5d07\u57fa\u5b78\u9662\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\u53ca\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/h2>\n

\u5e8f\u4e00 \u90ed\u6587\u6c60
\n\u5e8f\u4e8c \u76e7\u9f8d\u5149
\n\u5e8f\u4e09 \u6797\u9326\u7db8
\n\u5e8f\u56db \u81ea\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u5206\u671f<\/strong>
\n1. \u5c0e\u8a00 \u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u7fa9
\n2. \u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u80cc\u666f
\n3. \u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u671f
\n4. \u7814\u7a76\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u50f9\u503c<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u6703\uff08AD 29-170\uff09\u8207\u5927\u516c\u6559\u6703\uff08AD 170-325\uff09<\/strong>
\n1. \u6559\u6703\u7684\u7d00\u5143
\n2. \u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff08AD 29-100\uff09
\n3. \u5f8c\u671f\u4f7f\u5f92\u6559\u6703 \uff08AD 68-100\uff09
\n4. \u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8207\u7336\u592a\u6559\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463
\n5. \u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u81f3\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u737b\u548c\u53f2\u6599
\n6. \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8207\u7336\u592a\u4eba
\n7. \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u793e\u6703
\n8. \u5927\u516c\u6559\u6703\uff08AD 170-325\uff09
\n9. \u65e9\u671f\u5927\u516c\u6559\u6703\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u65e9\u671f\u6559\u6703\u6559\u7236<\/strong>
\n\u5f15\u8a00
\n1. \u7336\u65af\u4e01
\n2. \u611b\u4efb\u7d10
\n3. \u7279\u571f\u826f
\n4. \u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u592a\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u9769\u5229\u514d
\n5. \u5e0c\u5761\u5f8b\u9640<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u7570\u7aef\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5805\u5b88<\/strong>
\n1. \u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u6d3e\u8207\u7570\u7aef
\n2. \u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u6d3e\u5225
\n3. \u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8ad6
\n4. \u99ac\u5409\u5b89\u4e3b\u7fa9 \uff08Marcionism\uff09
\n5. \u74e6\u502b\u63d0\u5974\uff08Valentinus\uff09\u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u7fa9
\n6. \u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u7fa9 \uff08Montanism\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e09\u4e00\u8ad6<\/strong>
\n1. \u65e9\u671f\u6559\u6703\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c0\u7684\u6311\u6230
\n2. \u4e09\u4e00\u8ad6\u7684\u5b55\u80b2\u671f
\n3. \u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u4e09\u4e00\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff
\n4. \u65e9\u671f\u6559\u6703\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u6559\u7fa9
\n5. \u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\uff08Apostles\u2019 Creed\uff09
\n6. \u795e\u683c\u552f\u4e00\u8ad6\uff08Monarchianism\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u4e09\u81f3\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u6559\u6703\u767c\u5c55<\/strong>
\n1. \u6559\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u767c\u5c55
\n2. \u6559\u6703\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u8056\u79ae
\n3. \u7f85\u99ac\u6559\u6703\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u589e\u9577
\n4. \u7f85\u99ac\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u903c\u8feb\u8207\u5e1d\u570b\u6559\u6703\u7684\u8a95\u751f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u5927\u6703\u53ca\u4e09\u4e00\u8ad6\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/strong>
\n1. \u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u5927\u6703\u7684\u80cc\u5883
\n2. \u4fc4\u5229\u6839\u7684\u601d\u60f3
\n3. \u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u6703\u8b70\uff08Council of Nicaea,325\uff09\u7684\u7d93\u904e
\n4. \u4e9e\u4ed6\u90a3\u4fee<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u7531\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u81f3\u8fe6\u514b\u6566<\/strong>
\n1. \u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5f8c\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u6559\u6703
\n2. \u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u6703\u8b70 \uff08Council of Constantinople, 381\uff09
\n3. \u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u6703\u8b70\uff08Council of Ephesus, 431\uff09
\n4. \u8fe6\u514b\u6566\u6703\u8b70\uff08Council of Chalcedon 451\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u767c\u5c55<\/strong>
\n1. \u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u67c4\u7684\u722d\u8ad6
\n2. \u6559\u6703\u751f\u6d3b
\n3. \u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9
\n4. \u5b89\u6ce2\u7f85\u4fee\uff08Ambrose, 339-397\uff09\u8207\u5c48\u68ad\u591a\u6a21\uff08Chrysostom, 345-407\uff09
\n5. \u8036\u67d4\u7c73\uff08Jerome, 340-420\uff09
\n6. \u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustine 354-430\uff09\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7d50\u675f
\n7. \u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u656c\u62dc\u99ac\u5229\u4e9e\u7684\u767c\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u9677\u843d\u81f3\u4e2d\u53e4\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u671f<\/strong>
\n1. \u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c
\n2. \u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4eba\u548c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\uff08Germans and Slavs\uff09
\n3. \u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u5d29\u6f70\u7684\u539f\u56e0
\n4. \u4e2d\u53e4\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5206\u671f\uff08590-1517\uff09
\n5. \u521d\u671f\u8207\u4e2d\u53e4\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u6982\u6cc1 \uff08476-590\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5927\u8cb4\u683c\u5229\u8207\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u696d\uff08AD540-800\uff09<\/strong>
\n1. \u5927\u8cb4\u683c\u5229\uff08Gregory I, 540-604\uff09
\n2. \u8cb4\u683c\u5229\u7684\u5ba3\u6559
\n3. \u4e0d\u5217\u985b\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u696d
\n4. \u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u8207\u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u7684\u589e\u9577<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u8207\u4e2d\u53e4\u4e16\u7d00\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u7531\u4f86<\/strong>
\n1. \u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u738b\u514b\u6d1b\u7dad\u4e00\u4e16
\n2. \u58a8\u7f85\u6eab\u738b\u671d
\n3. \u5361\u7f85\u84ee\u738b\u671d
\n4. \u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u7684\u8ca2\u737b
\n5. \u4e2d\u53e4\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 \u653f\u6559\u722d\u6301\u8207\u795e\u8056\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b<\/strong>
\n1. \u67e5\u7406\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u8207\u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u7684\u589e\u9577
\n2. \u610f\u5927\u5229\u8af8\u4faf\u5c0d\u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u67c4\u7684\u5782\u6d8e
\n3. \u795e\u8056\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u4fc4\u59a5\u738b\u671d\uff08Ottonian Dynasty, 918-1024\uff09
\n4. \u514b\u5442\u5c3c\u6539\u9769\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u7684\u6062\u5fa9
\n5. \u6771\u897f\u6559\u6703\u5206\u88c2<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 \u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u904b\u52d5\uff08AD1096-1271\uff09<\/strong>
\n1. \u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5165\u4fb5\u6771\u7f85\u99ac
\n2. \u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0
\n3. \u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d93\u904e
\n4. \u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u5c0d\u4e2d\u53e4\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5341\u4e00\u81f3\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u653f\u6559\u722d\u6301<\/strong>
\n1. \u653f\u6559\u722d\u6301\u7684\u539f\u56e0
\n2. \u7531\u8cb4\u683c\u5229\u4e03\u4e16
\n3. \u5370\u8afe\u751f\u4e09\u4e16
\n4. \u6559\u5b97\u6b0a\u7684\u8870\u843d
\n5. \u6559\u6703\u88ab\u64c4\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b \uff081309-1377\uff09
\n6. \u6559\u5ef7\u5927\u5206\u88c2\uff08The Great Schism, 1378-1417\uff09
\n7. \u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4e2d\u53e4\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5f71\u97ff
\n8. \u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u70ba\u6539\u9769\u6642\u4ee3\u92ea\u8def<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0 \u6771\u65b9\u6559\u6703\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/strong>
\n1. \u6771\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u80cc\u5883\u53ca\u795e\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c
\n2. \u767c\u5c55\u6982\u7565
\n3. \u6771\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7279\u9ede
\n4. \u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u6b63\u6559
\n5. \u4e03\u6b21\u5927\u516c\u8b70\u6703\uff08325-681\uff09
\n6. \u5716\u50cf\u4e4b\u722d
\n7. \u5d07\u656c\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u610f\u7fa9
\n8. \u6771\u897f\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5206\u88c2
\n9. \u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u7684\u6771\u6b63\u6559\u5ba3\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5
\n10. \u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5165\u4fb5\u5f8c\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u570b
\n11. \u6771\u6b63\u6559\uff08\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\uff09\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0 \u6771\u65b9\u6559\u6703\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/strong>
\n12. \u653f\u6559\u95dc\u4fc2
\n13. \u8056\u7d93\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01
\n14. \u5d07\u62dc
\n15. \u6559\u58eb\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4fee\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9
\n16. \u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9
\n17. \u6771\u6b63\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u89c0
\n18. \u4e0a\u5e1d\u77e5\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u8056\u6697\u8207\u8056\u5149<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0 \u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5165\u4fb5\u6b50\u6d32\u8207\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u5f99<\/strong>
\n\u5f15\u8a00
\n1. \u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u7684\u8208\u8d77
\n2. \u56db\u5927\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u6559\u4e3b\u6642\u671f \uff08AD 632-661 \uff09
\n3. \u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559
\n4. \u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5165\u4fb5\u6b50\u6d32
\n5. \u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u6563
\n6. \u6b50\u6d32\u53cd\u9583\u65cf\uff08anti-Semitism\uff09\/\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4eba
\n7. \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u932b\u5b89\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u56de\u6b78<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u4fee\u6703\u53ca\u9748\u4fee\u795e\u5b78<\/strong>
\n1. \u4fee\u6703\u8207\u793e\u6703
\n2. \u4fee\u6703\u7684\u6e90\u8d77\uff1a\u672c\u6ce5\u72c4\u514b\uff08The Benedictines\uff09
\n3. \u672c\u6ce5\u72c4\u514b\u9662\u898f\uff08The Rule of Benedict\uff09
\n4. \u9662\u898f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff
\n5. \u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u6982\u72c0
\n6. \u4fee\u9053\u9662\u8207\u6b66\u58eb\u5718\u53ca\u6258\u7835\u50e7\uff08Friars\uff09
\n7. \u591a\u7c73\u5c3c\u514b\uff08Dominic, 1170-1221\uff09
\n8. \u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u65af\uff08Francis of Assisi, 1182-1226\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0 \u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78<\/strong>
\n1. \u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8a95\u751f
\n2. \u65e9\u671f\u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78
\n3. \u574e\u7279\u4f48\u91cc\u7684\u5b89\u745f\u502b\uff08Anselm of Canterbury, 1033-1109\uff09
\n4. \u4e9e\u4f2f\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Peter Abelard, 1079-1142\uff09
\n5. \u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77
\n6. \u6258\u99ac\u58eb\u2027\u4e9e\u594e\u90a3\u65af \uff08Thomas Aquinas, 1225-1274\uff09
\n7. \u6ce2\u62ff\u6587\u571f\u62c9 \uff08Bonaventure, 1221-1274\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u524d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u8f49\u8b8a<\/strong>
\n\u5f15\u8a00
\n1. \u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208
\n2. \u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u53ca\u60b2\u5287
\n3. \u5317\u6b50\u7684\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208
\n4. \u5341\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e16\u754c
\n5. \u6539\u6559\u5148\u9a45
\n6. \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52e2\u529b
\n7. \u6539\u9769\u904b\u52d5\u7c21\u8868<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304\u4e00 \u4eba\u540d\u7d22\u5f15
\n\u9644\u9304\u4e8c \u4e3b\u984c\u7d22\u5f15
\n\u9644\u9304\u4e09 \u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39<\/h2>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/p>\n

\u694a\u6176\u7403<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5148\u5f8c\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\uff08\u6587\u5b78\u58eb1976\uff09\u3001\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5354\u540c\u795e\u5b78\u9662\uff08\u9053\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb1981\uff09\u3001\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u795e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08\u795e\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb1986\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\uff08\u54f2\u5b78\u535a\u58eb1993\uff09\u30021987-95\u5e74\u64d4\u4efb\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u83ef\u4eba\u5ba3\u9053\u6703\u4e3b\u4efb\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c1994-95\u5e74\u5148\u5f8c\u5c31\u4efb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7dad\u771f\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u30021995-99\u5e74\u65bc\u5efa\u9053\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u4efb\u6559\uff0c1999\u5e74\u8d77\u64d4\u4efb\u4e2d\u570b\u795e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u53ca\u795e\u5b78\u79d1\u6559\u6388\uff0c2000-10\u5e74\u517c\u4efb\u79ae\u8ce2\u6703\u5927\u57d4\u5802\u5802\u4e3b\u4efb\u30022011\u5e74\u5f9e\u9999\u6e2f\u9000\u4f11\u8f49\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5361\u52a0\u91cc\u5c31\u4efb\u6069\u9053\u5927\u5b78\u795e\u5b78\u79d1\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u6069\u9053\u83ef\u4eba\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\u30022017\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u5f8c\u64d4\u4efb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u83ef\u4eba\u795e\u5b78\u9662\uff08\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\uff09\u7fa9\u52d9\u6559\u52d9\u4e3b\u4efb\u30022022\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u694a\u6176\u7403<\/a><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a\u64ad\u9053\u6703<\/a><\/p>\n

ISBN\uff1a9789626735077<\/p>\n

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